The prevalence of t2dm and ht varies according to age, sex, and race 2, 3. Prevalence, risk factors, and complications of diabetes in. Type 2 diabetes and its complications constitute a major worldwide public health problem, affecting almost all. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc states that diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death affecting 25.
T2dm is the most common form of dm, which accounts for 90% to 95% of all diabetic patients 1 and is expected to increase to 439 million by 2030 2. In fact, patients with diabetes experience an up to 50 % increased risk of cardiovascularrelated death 3. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy a. Jan 07, 2011 environmental factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, many of these factors have been uncovered despite much research. Type 2 diabetes risk factors what risk factors do you have. Each year, a large amount of money is budgeted for treatment and care. Aug 07, 2018 diabetes mellitus, also simply known as diabetes, is a condition in which the sugar levels in the blood exceed to a high extent. The aim of the study was to evaluate risk factors for gdm and their predictive value. Hispanicslatinos have higher rates of kidney failure external icon caused by diabetes as well as diabetesrelated vision loss pdf icon pdf 327 kb and blindness. Optimizing risk factors and management of chronic cad in. Diabetes mellitus dm is considered a major global public health problem that is likely to be among the five leading causes of disease burden, with an estimated global prevalence of 4. Apr, 2020 given the importance of diabetes as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and its implications for management, a recent scientific statement from the american heart association authored by arnold et al summarize effective, patientcentered management of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes mellitus based on contemporary evidence 7. Causes, complications and management of diabetes mellitus aftab ahmad jan 1, alamgir khan 2, salahuddin khan 3, manzoor khan 4 1 faculty of pharmacy. Type 2 diabetes may account for about 90 percent to 95 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
Risk factors for type 1 diabetes are not as clear as for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Methods we searched pubmed to capture all metaanalyses and mendelian randomization studies. Tau capstone project for mph01, mph02, mph06a page 2 of abstract background. Webmd explains the risk factors for type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is emerging as a major health problem owing to its serious complications. This is why many people refer to diabetes as sugar. Pdf causes, complications and management of diabetes mellitus. Frequency of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors such. In the majority of people presenting with the classical symptoms of diabetes, the.
While you cant change some factors such as, age, gender, family history, and ethnocultural background, other risk factors for diabetes may respond to lifestyle changes. Pdf the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing globally and poses a heavy burden on public health and socioeconomic development of. Type 2 diabetes was previously called noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus niddm or adultonset diabetes. Targeting and monitoring glycemic control in nonpregnant adults with diabetes mellitus target a1c. If someone in your close family has or had it, you are more likely to develop it. The concurrent rise in obesity and diabetes makes it important to determine the risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus gdm and the nature and extent of care offered to this population by physicians. We investigated the risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia simultaneously in a communitybased observational cohort study n 4304. Risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus scielo. Its pathogenesis is only partially understood, but is heterogeneous and both genetic factors affecting insulin release and responsiveness and environmental factors, such as obesity, are important. Gdm usually disappears after pregnancy but women affected and their children are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Gestational diabetes mellitus gdm diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes 4. There are different factors associated with t2dm and ht in different populations, particularly among those with different. Your risk increases if a parent or sibling has type 1 diabetes. China, the latest statistical data that diabetes show and prediabetes are prevalent among people older. Introduction the purpose of this paper is to consider some risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus gdm with the aid of metaanalysis. International journal of multidisciplinary research 49. Diabetes mellitus and risk of falls in older adults. Gestational diabetes gdm is a type of diabetes that consists of high blood glucose during pregnancy and is associated with complications to both mother and child. People with a first degree relative with diabetes mellitus type 2 have a 23 fold increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2. Type 2 diabetes and its complications constitute a major worldwide public. However, this does not account for the high prevalence of diabetes in cp, nor provides insight into the underlying mechanisms of betacell dysfunction. You can get type 1 diabetes at any age, but its more likely to develop when youre a child, teen, or young adult. In subsaharan africa, diabetes is a growing burden, yet little is known about its preva lence, risk factors, and complications.
Scientists do not know the exact cause of type 2 diabetes. Risk factors for type 1 diabetes mellitus among children. Prevalence and factors associated with type 2 diabetes. Hispaniclatino americans and type 2 diabetes diabetes cdc. T2dm is the most common form of dm, which accounts for 90% to 95% of all diabetic patients 1 and is expected to increase to 439 million by 2030 in 2. Disease control and prevention, 3399 binsheng road, hangzhou, 310051.
Risk factors for diabetes depend on the type of diabetes. Many nongenetic risk factors have been suggested, but their overall epidemiological credibility has not been assessed. Review risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and. Macrosomia diabetes mellitus, metaanalysis, gestational diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, maturity onset diabetes of the young, relative risks, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetes mellitus dm, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased appetite. When hypertension or dyslipidemia was present at baseline, hazard ratio 95% ci of developing diabetes mellitus at year 5 is 3. Sep 15, 2019 diabetes complications also hit harder. This disease has shown a tremendous increase in prevalence with a demographic transition in its epidemiology in recent years.
Being a doctor or a student, it is important for you to understand the disease better. Why the greater risk for type 2 diabetes and its complications. Circulating cardiac biomarkers in diabetes mellitus. Traditional risk factors alone could not explain the. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes your chances of developing type 2 diabetes depend on a combination of risk factors such as your genes and lifestyle. Diabetes no prior mi prior mi no diabetes l patients with diabetes without previous mi have as high of a risk of mi as nondiabetic patients with previous mi. Volume 1, issue 2 november 2012 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can harm many organs and cause complications such as. Cut nails straight with a nail cutter and file the sharp edges. No risk factors were present in 12% of gdm subjects, and at least one risk factor. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or. The group studied consisted of 510 pregnant women with gdm diagnosed according to world health organization who criteria gdm. Public health aspects of diabetes health knowledge. Diabetes mellitus diabetes type 1, mellitus symptoms, risk.
Diabetes mellitus affects a variety of people of all races, ages and nations. The risk factors are different for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Causes, complications and management of diabetes mellitus. Risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and recent advances. Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus in. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, prior history of gestational diabetes, impaired. Introduction the purpose of this paper is to consider some risk factors for gestational diabetes. At an early stage, type 2 diabetes mellitus is controlled using diet and exercise, but many people with type 2 diabetes mellitus eventually require insulin. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in.
Objective individuals with diabetes have an excess mortality compared with people without diabetes. Diabetes is a serious chronic disease and uncontrolled diabetes can lead to heart disease, kidney disease and other conditions. Certain ethnic groups are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, including africanamericans, hispanic americans, native americans, and asian. Causes, complications and management of diabetes mellitus aftab ahmad jan 1, alamgir khan 2, salahuddin khan 3, manzoor khan 4 1 faculty of pharmacy gomal university dera ismail khan kp pakistan. Hill tribe people are a marginalized population in thailand, and members of its elderly population are vulnerable to health problems due to language barriers. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of fractures at specific sites. Pdf advanced research on risk factors of type 2 diabetes. There are many risk factors associated with the development of diabetes mellitus type 2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm is a global epidemic associated with increased health expenditure, and low quality of life. Diabetes mellitus is the most common form of diabetes that accounts for 90% of all diabetes cases.
Nutritional transition, urbanization, physical inactivity and obesity are the common risk factors that made diabetes mellitus progression very remarkable68. A casecontrol study was carried out to determine the potential maternal, neonatal and early childhood risk factors for type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in basrah. The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm in rural population of north kerala, india. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated with risk factors, in sangmelima, cameroon. International diabetes federation what is diabetes. This guide for community health workers on diabetes prevention and management. Lifestyle factors linked to incidence of diabetes or diabetes related risk factors include physical activity level, dietary habits, adiposity, alcohol use, and smoking habits. Although the exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, factors that may signal an increased risk include. Diabetes mellitus classification definitions mar 31, 2006. This study used a national cohort of older spanish adults to identify possible factors explaining the relation between diabetes and excess mortality.
Lifestyle risk factors and newonset diabetes mellitus in. Risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and recent. Gdm usually disappears after pregnancy but women affected and their children are at increased. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative impairment in insulin secretion. Although you cant change risk factors such as family history, age, or ethnicity, you can change lifestyle risk factors around eating, physical activity, and weight. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus michigan medicine. Gestational diabetes mellitus an analysis of risk factors. Factors heightening risk of tight control hypoglycemia.
Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus in benin. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Research design and methods a cohort of 4,008 people. Diabetes knowledge and glycemic control among patients. However, development of type 2 diabetes has been associated with several risk factors. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes your chances of developing type 2 diabetes depend on a.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm is an important public health problems, with increasing trends in both the prevalence of diabetes associated risk factors around the world. Diabetes mellitus dm is a metabolic disorder of chronic hyperglycemia characterized by disturbances to carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism resulting from absolute or relative insulin deficiency with dysfunction in organ systems. Physical inactivity is another behavioral risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The variable cardiovascular risk factors are likely to be urban areas diseases as cardiovascular diseases cvd. There are two primary forms of diabetes, insulindependent diabetes mellitus type 1 diabetes mellitus, t1dm and noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus type 2 diabetes mellitus, t2dm. Risk factors for type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and.
Introduction according to global status report on non communicable diseases in 2010, noncommunicable diseases ncds are the main causes of death all over theworld, killing more people each year than any other causes combined. Background type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm is a global epidemic associated with increased health expenditure, and low quality of life. The risk factors are different for type 1 and type 2. It is important to assess the various factors contributing to the occurrence of the diseases so that by limiting these factors the progression of the disease in patients can be controlled. If neither factors heightening risk nor limiting benefit of tight control. Multivariate analysis revealed the following risk factors for gdm. Familiar with risk factors and symptoms of diabetes e. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus, highlighting the importance of optimal risk factor modification and choosing management strategies that reduces the risk of cardiovascular events 1, 2. People with type 1 diabetes take insulin by injection with a syringe, an insulin pen, or an insulin pump. It is unkown why some people develop type 1 diabetes. Lifestyle factors linked to incidence of diabetes or diabetesrelated risk factors include physical activity level, dietary habits, adiposity, alcohol use, and smoking habits.
Family history of type 1 diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases in first and second degree relatives was found to be an independent risk factor for type 1 diabetes mellitus, p 65 years. Some of the major symptoms which appear while this condition persists include the frequent urination, hunger, and thirst. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both american diabetes association ada, expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, 2003. Many people dont know they have diabetes or at risk of getting it. These data provide a rationale for treating cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients as aggressively as in nondiabetic patients with prior mi. These modifiable risk factors include behavioural risk factors smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet and bioclinical risk factors obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and hype rcholesterolemia. Methods we searched pubmed to capture all metaanalyses and mendelian randomization studies for risk factors of t2dm. An assessment of risk factors for gestational diabetes. Diabetes mellitus overview, causes, risk factors, treatment.
Certain ethnic groups are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, including africanamericans, hispanic americans, native americans, and asian americans. Genetic risk score in diabetes associated with chronic. Traditional risk factors alone could not explain the excess. Having a parent, brother, or sister with type 1 diabetes.
Risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus diabetes type 1, mellitus symptoms. Diabetes can cause serious health complications including. Type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm and hypertension ht are major noncommunicable health problems in both developing and developed countries, including thailand. Diabetes mellitus, also simply known as diabetes, is a condition in which the sugar levels in the blood exceed to a high extent. China, the latest statistical data that diabetes show and pre diabetes are prevalent among people older. Type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm and hypertension ht are common noncommunicable diseases among elderly adults aged.
690 417 1114 1156 363 743 1194 317 642 714 951 1508 814 908 769 93 660 1137 1539 1556 755 495 1550 604 952 1058 770 659 1446 1219 255 1307 384 1371 1431 605